GenAge entry for APOE (Homo sapiens)

Gene name (HAGRID: 138)

HGNC symbol
APOE 
Aliases
AD2 
Common name
apolipoprotein E 

Potential relevance to the human ageing process

Main reason for selection
Entry selected based on evidence linking the gene or its product to human longevity and/or multiple age-related phenotypes
Description

APOE is involved in lipid metabolism. Mice without APOE show dysregulations in lipid metabolism, having higher plasma cholesterol levels and developing arterial lesions [699], displaying DNA oxidative stress at a hepatic level [3602], and presenting severe atherosclerosis and cutaneous xanthomatosis [2138]. They also have a significantly shorter lifespan than wild-type [2138]. Neurodegeneration has also been reported in APOE-null mice [1699].

Several polymorphisms in the human APOE gene have been associated with diseases, such as increased risk of myocardial infarction [1700] and Alzheimer’s disease [4497]. Polymorphisms in APOE have been linked to human longevity [145]. There are four isoforms of APOE in humans. In Alzheimer’s disease the ApoE2 isoform is protective and the ApoE4 isoform is causative and stimulates amyloid beta production [4497]. ApoE4 also exacerbates tauopathy in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease and ApoE4 knock-in mice show significantly higher levels of tau in the brain [4498]. Despite its association with age-related disease the ApoE4 isoform is the second most common after the ApoE3 isoform and is the ancestral form of APOE [4499]. Clearly, APOE has an impact on various age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration, but its overall impact on the human ageing process remains to be determined.

Cytogenetic information

Cytogenetic band
19q13.2
Location
44,905,748 bp to 44,909,395 bp
Orientation
Plus strand
Display region using the UCSC Genome Browser (GRCh38/hg38)

Protein information

Gene Ontology
Process: GO:0000302; response to reactive oxygen species
GO:0001523; retinoid metabolic process
GO:0001937; negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0002021; response to dietary excess
GO:0006641; triglyceride metabolic process
GO:0006707; cholesterol catabolic process
GO:0006874; cellular calcium ion homeostasis
GO:0006898; receptor-mediated endocytosis
GO:0007010; cytoskeleton organization
GO:0007186; G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007263; nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
And 63 more GO terms
Cellular component: GO:0005576; extracellular region
GO:0005615; extracellular space
GO:0005634; nucleus
GO:0005737; cytoplasm
GO:0005769; early endosome
GO:0005783; endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005794; Golgi apparatus
GO:0005886; plasma membrane
GO:0016020; membrane
GO:0030425; dendrite
GO:0031012; extracellular matrix
And 11 more GO terms
Function: GO:0001540; beta-amyloid binding
GO:0005319; lipid transporter activity
GO:0005515; protein binding
GO:0005543; phospholipid binding
GO:0008201; heparin binding
GO:0008289; lipid binding
GO:0015485; cholesterol binding
GO:0016209; antioxidant activity
GO:0017127; cholesterol transporter activity
GO:0042802; identical protein binding
GO:0042803; protein homodimerization activity
And 7 more GO terms
Show all GO terms

Protein interactions and network

Protein-protein interacting partners in GenAge
LRP2, APOE, A2M, PCMT1, MAPT, PSEN1
STRING interaction network
Protein-Protein network diagram for APOE

Retrieve sequences for APOE

Promoter
Promoter
ORF
ORF
CDS
CDS

Homologs in model organisms

Danio rerio
apoea
Danio rerio
apoeb
Mus musculus
Apoe
Rattus norvegicus
Apoe

In other databases

GenAge model organism genes
  • A homolog of this gene for Mus musculus is present as Apoe
GenAge microarray genes
  • This gene is present as APOE
LongevityMap
  • This gene is present as APOE

Selected references

External links

EPD
HS_APOE
ORF Accession
NM_000041
CDS Accession
NP_000032
OMIM
107741
HPRD
00135
Ensembl
APOE
UniProt/Swiss-Prot
APOE_HUMAN
GeneCards
APOE
Entrez Gene
348
GenAtlas
APOE
Internet
Search Google