DrugAge entry for Metformin

Name: Metformin
Synonyms: 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide • 657-24-9 • Diabetosan • Diabex • Dimethylbiguanide • DMGG • Fluamine • Flumamine • Glifage • Gliguanid • Glucophage • Glumetza • Haurymelin • Islotin • Melbin • metformin • Metformina • Metformine • Metforminum • Metiguanide • N,N-Dimethylbiguanide • N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide • N1,N1-Dimethylbiguanide • NNDG • Siofor
CAS Number: 657-24-9
IUPAC Name: 3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine
PubChem CID: 4091
SEP-L1000 side effects: Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal distension, Abdominal pain, Abdominal pain upper, Abnormal faeces, Abscess, Anaemia, Anaemia megaloblastic, Angina pectoris, Angina unstable, Angiopathy, Asthenia, Azotaemia, Blood disorder, Blood glucose decreased, Breast disorder, Cardiac disorder, Chest discomfort, Chest pain, Chills, Connective tissue disorder, Constipation, Decreased appetite, Dehydration, Dermatitis, Diarrhoea, Discomfort, Dizziness, Dysgeusia, Dyspepsia, Dyspnoea, Ear pain, Emotional distress, Epigastric discomfort, Erythema, Eye disorder, Fatigue, Flatulence, Flushing, Fungal infection, Gastric disorder, Gastroenteritis, Gastrointestinal disorder, Gastrointestinal tract irritation, Headache, Hepatitis, Hyperhidrosis, Hypertension, Hypoaesthesia, Hypoglycaemia, Immune system disorder, Infection, Infestation, Influenza, Lactic acidosis, Lethargy, Liver function test abnormal, Malaise, Mediastinal disorder, Migraine, Muscle spasms, Myalgia, Nail disorder, Nasal congestion, Nausea, Nervous system disorder,

Summary

Species	No. Entries	MAX(Avg/Med Lifespan Change %)	MEAN(Avg/Med Lifespan Change %)	MAX(Max Lifespan Change %)	MEAN(Max Lifespan Change %)

Results

Compound/Formulation	Species	Sex	Strain	Dosage	Avg/Med Lifespan Change (%)	Avg/Med Lifespan Significance	Max Lifespan Change (%)	Reference

Lifespan Charts for Metformin

Average/Median Lifespan
Max Lifespan
Hide Charts

References

Smith, DL et al. (2010) Metformin supplementation and life span in Fischer-344 rats. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 65(5)468-474 PubMed
Onken, B and Driscoll, M (2010) Metformin induces a dietary restriction-like state and the oxidative stress response to extend C. elegans Healthspan via AMPK, LKB1, and SKN-1. PLoS ONE 5(1)e8758 PubMed
Slack, C et al. (2012) Activation of AMPK by the putative dietary restriction mimetic metformin is insufficient to extend lifespan in Drosophila. PLoS ONE 7(10)e47699 PubMed
De Haes, W et al. (2014) Metformin promotes lifespan through mitohormesis via the peroxiredoxin PRDX-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111(24)E2501-E2509 PubMed
Hans, H et al. (2015) Impacts of metformin and aspirin on life history features and longevity of crickets: trade-offs versus cost-free life extension? Age (Dordr) 37(2)31 PubMed
Dehghan E, (2017) Hydralazine induces stress resistance and extends C. elegans lifespan by activating the NRF2/SKN-1 signalling pathway Nat Commun () PubMed
Chen J, et al. (2017) Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosomal pathway. ELife () PubMed
Wu L, et al. (2016) An Ancient, Unified Mechanism for Metformin Growth Inhibition in C. elegans and Cancer. Cell () PubMed
Rosina Pryor (2019) Host-Microbe-Drug-Nutrient Screen Identifies Bacterial Effectors of Metformin Therapy Cell 178(6)1299-1312 PubMed
Admasu, TD et al. (2018) Drug Synergy Slows Aging and Improves Healthspan through IGF and SREBP Lipid Signaling. Dev Cell 47(1)67-79.e5 PubMed
Wei, J et al. (2020) Effects of Metformin on Life Span, Cognitive Ability, and Inflammatory Response in a Short-Lived Fish. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 75(11)2042-2050 PubMed
Anisimov, VN et al. (2008) Metformin slows down aging and extends life span of female SHR mice. Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 7(17)2769-73 PubMed
Martin-Montalvo, A et al. (2013) Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice. Nat Commun 4()2192 PubMed
Strong R, et al. (2016) Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2‐inducer Aging Cell () PubMed
Alfaras I, et al. (2017) Health benefits of late-onset metformin treatment every other week in mice. NPJ Aging Mech Dis () PubMed
Zhu, X et al. (2020) Effect of Metformin on Cardiac Metabolism and Longevity in Aged Female Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 8()626011 PubMed

DGIdb Human Drug-Gene Interactions for Metformin

Interaction Types	Gene Symbol	Common Name	HGNC Id	DGIdb Sources	References

Stitch DB Human Drug-Protein Interactions for Metformin

Up to 20 direct protein and drug interactions are displayed, having a medium confidence score (0.450) or above. Second order interactions are tabulated below.

Ensembl Id	StringDB Id